Reduction of dielectric artifacts within an InSightec ExAblate 4000 head transducer

Background/introduction High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of the brain has been increasingly used as a non-invasive treatment for essential tremor and neuropathic pain. However, artifacts arise in magnetic resonance (MR) images as a result of dielectric properties of the water bath coupler and of the tissues being investigated. As radio frequency (RF) waves enter a dielectric medium, their wavelengths decrease by a factor equal to the square root of the medium’s relative permittivity (Webb 2011). The shortened wavelength can cause a standing wave pattern within the sample, with regions of constructive and destructive interference. This RF inhomogeneity results in dielectric artifacts that appear as shaded regions in the intensity image. Modifying the RF coil can be used to bypass this issue, but is non-trivial. We present a simpler solution by decreasing the permittivity of the water bath, thereby reducing the standing wave effect that creates dielectric artifacts.